The incident ray, as well as the reflected ray, are on the opposite sides of the normal line. The incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray- all lie in the same plane. Both the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are measured from the normal line θ i =θ reflection. The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.Now, the laws of reflection are formulated as: When a beam of incident rays strikes a rough surface, a non-parallel beam of reflected rays is obtained. Diffused/Irregular Reflection: An irregular reflection occurs when the reflecting surface is rough.The objects are clearly visible and distinguishable in the reflected image. When a parallel beam of incident rays strike a smooth surface, a parallel beam of reflected rays is obtained. Regular Reflection: A regular reflection occurs when the reflecting surface is very smooth.The Angle of Reflection (θ reflection): The angle which the reflected ray forms with the normal at the point where the reflected ray bounces back.The Angle of Incidence (θ i): The angle which the incident ray forms with the normal line at the point of incidence.Once the ray of light strikes a surface of an object, it forms an angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. Normal Line: An imaginary line which is perpendicular to the boundary or the surface of an object.Reflected Ray: The ray of light which is reflected back/bounced back the moment it strikes the surface of an object.Incident Ray: The ray of light which strikes the surface of an object.The reflection of light involves the following rays: A boundary refers to the margin for the transition of the medium. The rays of light falling/striking a polished surface, like a mirror, are reflected back. The surface of the object can either absorb or reflect the light which strikes it. The change in the direction/path of light when it strikes an object and bounces back from the surface of the object is called reflection. Virtual Image: A virtual image forms where the light rays do not actually meet but appear to meet. Also, it is possible to make a real image on a screen, like a sheet of paper. It is located in the plane of convergence. Real Image: A real image forms when the light rays focus at the image position. Ray of Light: A ray of light is a straight line drawn to distinguish the path of the propagation of light.Ī beam of Light: A beam of light is defined as the bundle of closely packed rays of light. They become visible only because of the reflection of light falling on them for example, table, board, car, etc. Non-Luminous Objects: Non-luminous objects are those which do not emit their own light. Luminous Objects: Luminous objects are those which emit their own light for example, the sun, other stars, etc. The frequency of the light remains unchanged however, its speed and wavelength vary, depending upon the medium through which it passes. The speed of light in the vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 m/s. Light waves are electromagnetic waves they are transverse in their nature. Optics refers to the study of the light and also the study of the interaction of light. The ultimate source of light on the earth is the Sun. It is only because of the phenomena of reflection and refraction that we are able to view objects. Without light, we will not be able to see anything.
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